History of My Son Sanctuary – Champa Cultural Heritage

Nestled in the lush green valley of the former Duy Xuyen District, Quang Nam Province, now part of Thu Bon Commune, Da Nang City, My Son Sanctuary is one of the most ancient and unique temple complexes in Southeast Asia. Often referred to as the “Angkor Wat of Vietnam,” this site is not only a fascinating destination for travelers but also a precious cultural heritage that reflects the pinnacle of art and spirituality of the ancient Champa Kingdom.

This article will guide you through the history of My Son Sanctuary, the architectural value of the My Son temple complex, and useful information such as My Son Sanctuary entrance fees to help you prepare for your upcoming trip.

1. Overview of My Son Sanctuary

My Son Sanctuary is a complex of about 70 architectural structures built from brick and stone between the 4th and 13th centuries. It once served as the most important religious and spiritual center of the Champa Kingdom, dedicated to worshipping Shiva – the supreme deity in Hinduism.

With its outstanding historical, cultural, and artistic values, the My Son Cham site was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage in 1999. Not only is it a prominent tourist attraction in Central Vietnam, but it also serves as a vivid source of material for researchers of Cham culture and Southeast Asian history.

2. History of My Son Sanctuary – From a Remote Valley to a Spiritual Center

2.1. The Birth of My Son Sanctuary

According to archaeological findings and ancient inscriptions, the history of the formation of My Son Sanctuary dates back to the 4th century, during the reign of King Bhadravarman – the first monarch to build a wooden temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. However, this original temple was destroyed in a fire.

In the late 6th century, King Sambhuvarman rebuilt the temple using brick, marking the beginning of the flourishing period of the My Son temple complex. From then until the 13th century – nearly 1,000 years – successive Champa kings continued to construct, expand, and enrich the sanctuary, transforming My Son into the national religious and ceremonial center of the Champa Kingdom.

2.2. Historical and Spiritual Significance

My Son was not only a place of worship but also hosted coronation ceremonies, royal commemorations, and served as a burial ground for royal family members. The architecture reflects the close relationship between royal power and religious faith, characteristic of the Indianized culture that Champa adopted and uniquely developed.

2.3. Destruction During Wartime

During the Vietnam War, the My Son Cham complex suffered severe damage from bombings, especially in 1969 when U.S. forces conducted heavy airstrikes in the area. Many towers collapsed or were heavily damaged. However, thanks to conservation efforts from both domestic and international organizations, several structures have been restored and protected for tourism and academic research.

3. Unique Architecture of the My Son Temple Complex

3.1. The Art of Fired Brick Construction

One of the most astonishing aspects for scientists and architects is the ancient technique of building with fired bricks without the use of mortar, yet achieving tight, durable bonds that have withstood the test of time for centuries. To this day, the method remains a partially unsolved mystery.

The red bricks were meticulously arranged, fitting closely together, using either an extremely thin layer of mortar or none at all. These bricks are highly durable, water-resistant, and remarkably resilient to weathering over time.

3.2. Architectural Layout Based on the Mandala Model

The My Son temple complex was constructed following the Mandala layout – a cosmic model in Hinduism. Each architectural cluster consists of a main sanctuary (Kalan) surrounded by smaller temples and auxiliary towers used for rituals, storage, and ceremonial purposes.

The Kalan serves as the central worship tower, symbolizing Mount Meru – the cosmic mountain and center of the universe in Hindu belief. The auxiliary towers are aligned along sacred religious axes, reinforcing the spiritual structure of the site.

3.3. Sculpture and Religious Symbolism

On the walls and facades of the towers, visitors can observe intricate carvings depicting deities such as Shiva, Vishnu, Ganesha, celestial dancers like Apsaras, and mythical creatures such as elephants, lions, and the Naga serpent. These vibrant bas-reliefs reflect strong Indian cultural influences but are uniquely localized in the Champa artistic style.

4. Exploring the My Son Cham Relic Site – A Journey Back in Time

4.1. Main Visiting Areas

Today, the heritage site is divided into several main groups, labeled from Group A to Group G, in which:

• Groups B, C, D: These are the most important clusters, with many well-preserved remnants.

• Groups E, F, G: These feature simpler architecture, with some structures partially destroyed.

• Group A: Once the largest central complex, but severely damaged during the war.

A well-planned walking path guides visitors through the site, and electric shuttles are available from the entrance to the main ruins, offering convenient access.

4.2. Experiencing Cham Culture

Beyond admiring the ancient structures and the timeless image of My Son Sanctuary, visitors also have the opportunity to enjoy traditional Cham dance performances, typically held at scheduled times throughout the day. The graceful Apsara dances, colorful costumes, and distinctive music offer an immersive journey into the ancient Cham cultural world.

5. Images of My Son Sanctuary – Timeless Beauty

The scenery of My Son Sanctuary appears both ancient and mysterious, yet poetic amid the wild natural surroundings. The image of My Son is often likened to a silent symphony between the red-brick architecture and the lush green mountains. Every photograph taken here is rich in artistic value, making it an ideal destination for photography enthusiasts or those seeking cultural exploration and adventure.

6. My Son Sanctuary Entrance Tickets – Essential Information

Ticket prices (updated 2025):

• Vietnamese adults: 100,000 VND

• International adults: 150,000 VND

• Children under 10 years old: Free

• Students: Discount available with valid student ID

The ticket price includes entry to the site, electric shuttle service, travel insurance, and access to Cham dance performances (if available).

Opening hours:

• Daily: 6:30 AM – 5:30 PM

• Best visiting times: 7:00 – 9:00 AM or after 3:00 PM to avoid the heat

Visitor tips:

• Wear comfortable footwear such as sneakers or soft sandals

• Bring water, a hat, and sunscreen

• Keep the site clean and avoid touching ancient artifacts

• Respect the sacred atmosphere and maintain quiet behavior

7. How to Get to My Son Sanctuary

From Da Nang or Hoi An, you can reach My Son by:

• Motorbike (self-drive): About 1 hour 30 minutes from Da Nang, or 1 hour from Hoi An

• Private car with driver: From 600,000 to 900,000 VND for a round trip

• Join-in day tour: From 480,000 VND/person, including transportation and tour guide. You can find more details via My Son Sanctuary Tour.

The history of My Son Sanctuary is a thousand-year epic that tells the story of a once-flourishing civilization, leaving behind magnificent structures amid the forests of Quang Nam. The My Son temple complex, with its time-worn red bricks and vivid, mysterious bas-reliefs, stands as a living testament to the talent and spiritual beliefs of the ancient Cham people.

Visitors to the My Son Cham relic site not only have the chance to admire its unique architecture and artistic beauty but also to immerse themselves in a sacred cultural space rich in identity and history. Don’t forget to capture the images of My Son Sanctuary as unforgettable memories of your remarkable Central Vietnam journey.

If you’re planning a trip, be sure to schedule your visit, check the My Son Sanctuary entrance fee, and get ready for an unforgettable adventure to this legendary land of heritage.